Overview
吊装（Sling Loading，本文简写为SLG）是使用绳索在直升机下方运输额外货物的过程。本文以Arma 3战场手册的只言片语为纲要进行深度学习、验证、计算甚至是建模，提供大量数据并对游戏的直升机吊装机制进行剖析。Sling loading(SLG) is the process of transporting additional cargo under the helicopter using ropes.This article uses the words of the Arma 3 Field Manuel as an outline for deep learning, verification, calculation, and even modeling, providing a massive amount of data and analyzing the helicopter lifting mechanism of the game.（包含部分高级飞行模型内容 Advanced flight model include）希望波黑最近更新不要狂改参数 Data might be changed by BIS
直升机数据 Helicopters
每架直升机都由货物重量限制（即最大重量-空重），这也需要与吊钩系统兼容，如下表所示：
Each helicopter is limited by the weight of the cargo (ie maximum weight – empty weight), which also needs to be compatible with the hook system, as shown in the following table (unit in kg):
Model
Capacity
Empty Weight
Normal weight
Max. weight
Max. fuel
Max. sling
乘员：指所有机组成员（飞行员、副驾驶、炮手、装卸长等）加上客舱乘客，但不包含吊舱乘员。对AH/MH-9即军购版M900进行改装可以添加座位，故此处用/表示“或”。
Capacity, refers to all crew members (pilot, co-pilot, gunners, loading officer, etc.) plus cabin passengers, but does not include pod capacity. Note the AH/MH-9, the military version of the M900, can be modified to add seats, so use / to indicate “or”.
空重：指无载荷（燃油/弹药/货物/乘员）且尽量拆除改装（座位、踏板、门、枪架、固定框架等）时的直升机重量，通过计算而得。
Empty Weight, refers to the weight of the helicopter with NO load (fuel/ammunition/goods/occupant) and the accessory(seat, pedal, door, gun frame, fixed frame, etc.) is removed if possible. By calculation.
正常重量：指燃油量充足或全满、主要武器弹药全满、直升机只搭载机组成员时的重量。这是游戏里最直观的重量，使用getmass函数即可获取。同一机型的武装款和未武装款的该重量会有差别，用/表示“或”。
Normal Weight, refers to the weight of the helicopter only with crew members when the fuel is sufficient, the main weapon ammunition is full. It’s the most intuitive weight, by getMass function. The weight of the armed and unarmed models of the same helicopter would vary, with / for “or”.
最大（起飞）重量：指不影响发动机转子（转速安全）、桨叶结构完整性（扭矩安全）且实现起飞爬升时的最大重量，通过计算而得。
Maximum (Takeoff) Weight, refers to the maximum weight that doesn’t impact engine rotor (RPM safe) or blade structure (TRQ safe) and achieve climbing, by calculation.
最大吊载：指吊钩系统的绳索所能安全承载的货物最大重量。这是游戏里最经常变动的参数，通过配置查看器获得。
Maximum Sling load, refers to the maximum cargo weight that can safely act on the rope of hook system. This is the most frequently changed parameter in the game, through the configuration viewer.
货物数据 Cargos
而被吊载的货物的属性则可以简化为下表所示：
The attributes of the cargo loaded can be simplified to the following table (kg):
（自动火炮）/ (反坦克)
货物重量：指货物满油满弹但无人搭乘时的重量，对车辆进行改装会增加重量。飞行器的重量较为复杂，同上取getmass值。
Cargo Weight, refers to the cargo weight with full oil but nobody riding. Accessory would increase the weight. The weight of the aircraft is more complicated, but with getMass value as above.
吊装条件 Sling conditions
在标准飞行模型动力学下仅需考虑直升机的最大吊载和货物重量，吊载≥货物即可起吊并畅飞。
划重点：使用高级飞行模型时，飞机上的燃料量和直升机内的人数也会计入货物重量限制，即：
最大重量≥空重+燃油+人员重量+货物重量
且
最大吊载≥货物重量，
单兵连同装备取100千克（已用加速度法和称象法验证），忽略弹药重量、库存重量、货物消耗量及货物内人员重量（但请各位千万不要顶着一两百的Ping在坐在直升机的吊载里横跨Pyrgos湾）。
In the Standard flight model dynamics, only the maximum lifting capacity of the helicopter and the weight of the cargo need to be considered.
Max. hook ≥ Cargo mass can lifted and fly freely.
Key points: in Advanced flight model, the amount of fuel on the aircraft and the number of people in the helicopter are also included in the weight limit of the cargo, ie:
Max. weight ≥ Empty weight + Fuel + Personnel weight + Cargo weight,
An individual soldier with the equipment takes 100 kg (verified by the acceleration method and the image method), ignore the ammunition, inventory, cargo consumption and personnel inside the cargo (but pls don’t sit in a helicopter’s sling pod acrossing the Pyrgos Gulf with 100-200 Pings).
本人为了这篇指南专门肝了此视频，片段录制于去年8月，数据采集于年初。除了PO-30/WY-55能吊载越野和吉普、Huron能吊Taru燃料舱以外并无大改动，请轻喷
I personally made this video for this guide. The clip was recorded in August last year and the data was collected at the beginning of the year. In addition, the PO-30/WY-55 can also lift the off-roads and Jeep, Huron can load Taru fuel tank, forget it.
起钩（Hooking Up）
如果要将物体系到直升机，请
以较低的高度在物体上方悬停（自动悬停不可耻，尤其是在高级飞行模型下），然后按B展开绳索。保持静止，直到绳索系到物体上。（见视频16秒处）
或者
将直升机停在货物5米内（把货物放置在直升机5米内），然后按B系绳。
In order to attach the object, please,
hover over the object at a lower height (automatic hovering is not shameful, especially under the advanced flight model), then press B to unfold the rope. Keep still until the rope is attached to the object. (see video at 16 seconds)
OR
Park the helicopter within 5 meters of the cargo (move the cargo within 5 meters of the helicopter), then press the B to attach.
吊装摄像机（见视频6分钟处）
本作中所有的运输直升机（即上表所列机型）都配备了朝下的摄像机，可帮助飞行员精确导航货物。按左Control+鼠标右键打开摄像机，注意Taru将吊舱固定住时摄像机被挡住不可用。Press the left Control + mouse 2 to open the sling loading camera as the video at 6 min (not available for mounted Taru).
补盲镜（见下图中部）
一些小型运输直升机在飞行员一侧的机身外壳上安装有小的圆形凸面镜，可帮助飞行员观察下方被挡住的死角区域确保吊装安全。移动鼠标以进行观察，按鼠标右键（按住或双击鼠标前进/后退键，+/-）来缩放。Move the mouse and zoom in to use Complementary Mirror on light transporters as picture on next page.
吊装助手（Sling Loading Assistant，简称SLA）
吊装助手用于识别、连接和导航到直升机附近所需的物体。The Sling Load Assistant is used to identify, navigate to, and attach desired objects within the vicinity of the helicopter.
它默认使用Control+B激活，或者连续切换左（按“[”）右（按“]”）面板至吊装助手（如图左面板所示）。Press right Control + B (click [ or ] several times) to active SLA (shown on left panel as picture)
这个吊装助手由以下几部分组成：
- 目标指示器 – 指示可以系上的物体（菱形套粗点）：水平测距园环单位为米，15米内的目标物为绿色，其余为红色。重量超过吊钩载重的货物及损坏的货物不会指示，人字形箭头为指北针
- 高度栏 – 测量直升机在目标物上方/下方的相对高度：没有目标（也无高度条）或已钩住时测量吊钩离地高度，0至10米显示白条允许系绳起钩/卸货，10至20米显示黄条可以展开绳索/卸下，20至40米显示红条仅限紧急卸货，40米以上超过最大刻度
- 十字准星 – 指示直升机是否与目标正确对齐：横纵两线由红变绿表示各自方向对齐在5米内
- 状态栏 – 传达直升机绳索的当前状态：就绪指绳索正常且无目标，钩住/已暂停 (x%)指展开绳索，连接 (x%)指正在系绳起钩，已消灭指SLG损坏（载具信息栏同时变红）
“The Assistant consists of the following components:
Target Indicators – objects that can be attached
Altitude Bar – measures the height of the helicopter above the target object
Crosshairs – indicates whether the helicopter is properly aligned with the targeted object
Status Bar – communicates the current status of the helicopter’s ropes”
如何使用吊装助手起钩 Use SLA to hook up：
- 按B可在系统提示钩住时展开绳索 Press B to unfold the rope when prompted by the system
- 将目标指示器与十字准星对准 Align the target indicator with the crosshair
- 保持白色高度栏指示的所需高度 Keep the desired height indicated by the white altitude bar
- 在状态栏填补时保持静止，直到成功系上目标 Stay still while filling in the status bar until successfully attach
超重飞行（仅高级飞行模型） Overload in advanced flight model
直升机的飞行特性也会根据所吊装的货物而改变，具体表现为：扭矩大幅增加、俯冲时更易进入涡环、减少配平、硬着陆更加危险，好处还是有的——刮大风都不算事了。高级飞行模型动力学的内容贴吧上到处都有大佬教程，本文不赘述。
The flight characteristics of the helicopter also changes (Torque+, Vortex ring+, Trim-, and Harder landing) depending on the cargo lifted. Terms are explained in any forum, not here.
通常情况下，直升机的载货量包括酬载（舱内负载）及吊载，但部分改进机型（如CH-67 Huron和UH-80鬼鹰）存在最大吊载与货物重量限制相当甚至吊载远大于载货量的设计（即最大吊载≥最大起飞重量-空重），此时就会出现SLG安然无恙但直升机严重超重“飞不动”的危险情况（吊装时严禁滑跑起飞）。怎么破？
What if it’s overload (Max. sling ≥ Max. weight – Empty weight) and can’t ascend? (No sliding off during sling loading)
鬼鹰的包络线系数为envelope[] = {0,0.2,0.9,2.1,2.5,3.3,3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8,3.8,3,0.9,0.7,0.5}，最左边是悬停时的升力系数自然为零，最右边是Maxspeed=300理论最速实际上达不到
我们取0.9右边皆大于0.3，按比例来算，结论很简单：只要空速大于64你超重就还是是安全的。
e.g. Default Ghosthawk(α=6°) with 4t cargo but airspeed ＜ 64 definitely stalls to the ground!
那玩家要如何操作才能符合这个要求？（我录了个极限条件下的起降视频）
How to survive when overloaded? Height-to-speed take-off, no stunt in flight, stall landing before vortex ring(as the extreme video); or just drop your cargo/burn out your fuel in advance for safety.
起飞：用高度换速度，下坡式起飞或“跳崖式起飞”直至空速64，如果不怕桨叶上天（关闭应力损坏）可以尝试像标准飞行模型里一样盘旋离心加速
飞行：升力和速度来之不易，千万不要带着货物进行机动动作或是贴地飞行，而且要注意维持气压高度稳定、RPM稳定（引擎持续有效做功）、TRQ稳定（主要升力来源不能绷断）
降落：
1、提前打开起落架以随机应变
2、盈速低空进场慢速推总距
3、等到失速下坠时把总距拉满来降低高度
4、在卸货前的一瞬间把总距推低，然后准备正常降落，如果降落时进入涡环状态请立即弃货保机（但要是你1吨多的油都烧得差不多了感觉身轻如燕就直接看下一章节吧）
卸货 Detaching
为了安全地卸下货物，请在空投场上方悬停，然后慢慢降低高度。计算时别忘了计入货物的高度和绳子的长度（约10米）。
按B卸下货物。
在紧急情况下，你还可以在飞行途中卸下货物。如果货物在坠地时没被砸坏，则可以待会儿再次将其钩起。
Just press B to detach, no matter safe or not. XD
吊装杂谈 Trivia
直升机吊装功能同时也在Mod中开放（如CUP ，红锤），可惜Arma 3的创意工坊作品成千上万，本指南绝不可能一一列举。然而各种现实中存在的载具参数各位可以自行上网查阅、咨询作者或是使用函数获取，本指南提供的定义、原理、公式及操作依旧适用。
Sling loading is also available with Mods, they are all same except the data (Google it).
吊装功能添加于Helicopters更新，而机/车载车辆运输功能（VIV，详见我的下一篇指南）发布于Apex 更新，故本作所有的直升机均不支持VIV。不过倘若你挑选的直升机货舱可以VIV（如CUP里的支奴干），计算时将多出的酬载加上即可，即:最大重量≥空重+燃油+人员重量+货物重量+VIV重量。然后谨记：运货不运人，吊货不拉货。反之则不然。
Add VIV(vehicle in vehicle transport, check my next guide) weight in formula if available.
[link]
我忘记我还要说啥了XD
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