Spelunky Stats

The Spelunker, without items, weapons or otherwise, will hit enemies for one damage, and jump two tiles high.

They will lose one health point if they fall from a height of eight tiles or more. A fall of eighteen or more drains two health points, and anything higher than twenty-eight tiles kills the Spelunker.

He runs at about 552 tiles/min.

Melee Weapons

The Whip

The Spelunker's Whip does one damage per hit, and has a one tile range. The animation takes about 0.47 seconds. The Machete

The Machete deals two damage points per hit. The animation takes about 0.20 seconds.
At shops they cost $2700. The Mattock

The Mattock deals one damage per hit, which doesn't reduce its durability. However, its durability reduces when digging with a range from 40-60 uses before it breaks.
At shops they cost $7200. The Crysknife

The Crysknife deals infinite damage per hit, killing any enemy in one swing. The animation takes about 0.20 seconds.

Ranged Weapons

Boomerang

The Boomerang deals one damage per hit, with a range of 7.4 tiles if uninterrupted by other variables. The Spelunker throws it at a trajectory of 45 degrees in whichever direction they're facing when the Boomerang is thrown.
At shops they cost $2700. The Freeze Ray

The Freeze Ray deals no damage per hit, instead freezing enemies at a range of five tiles. The freezing effect lasts for three seconds unless the Spelunker hits the enemy.
At shops they cost $9000. The Shotgun

The Shotgun fires 6 pellets, with a maximum damage of 24 damage per fire (each pellet deals 4 damage). They have an infnite range and unlimited pellets. The knockback pushes the Spelunker by about 1.5 tiles.
At shops they cost $13,500. The Web Gun

The Web Gun deals no damage, but fires a web in the direction of the player. Due to its trajectory, its range varies. One shot can travel about 10 tiles on flat territory.
At shops they cost $1800. The Plasma Cannon

The Plasma Cannon deals 20 damage per hit with a very strong knockback that can send the Spelunker across at least 10 tiles. The Sceptre

The Sceptre deals 10 damage on initial hit and fires a ray which disappears within 8 seconds.

Other

The Spike Shoes

The Spike Shoes deal 3 damage when the Spelunker lands on an enemy.
At shops they cost $3500.

[Note: not all tools in Spelunky will be listed here, as some are without relevant stats or information.]

Ropes

The Spelunker can throw the rope upward, with a maximum height of 8 tiles in empty space.
At shops they cost $2250 Bombs

Bombs deal 10 damage upon exploding, which takes 2.4 seconds between being removed from the Spelunker's backpack and detonating. It has a range of about 2 tiles in all directions.
At shops they cost $2250 (3) - $9000 (12) Spring Shoes

Spring Shoes increase the Spelunker's jump by one tile.
At shops they cost $3500. Teleporter

The Teleporter varies in the distance it moves the Spelunker upon teleporting. If the Spelunker is facing left/right/up, it travels them 4-8 tiles. If the Spelunker is facing down, it travels them 5-9 tiles. If the randomised tile the teleporter would take the Spelunker to is a solid block, and the three blocks above that are solid, they will be teleported into it and suffocate.
At shops they cost $9000.

Arrow Trap

Arrows Traps have a range of 6/7 tiles directly in front of them, firing a singular arrow which deals 2 damage. It cannot penetrate through multiple targets and breaks upon contact with a monster. Powder Box

Powder Boxes explode upon contact, dealing 10 damage. They can be pushed, but if they fall a distance of more than one tile, they will explode. Tiki Trap

Tiki Traps deal 4 damage to any monster that comes in contact with the spikes. Their range of detection is about 4 tiles either side of them. Their spikes extend and retract for as long as there's a creature within this range, with a 1.5 second delay between the end of one thrust and the start of another. Acid

Acid can be swum in for three seconds before the Splunker takes damage. They will then start to take one damage every three seconds. Web

Once a player has walked into a web, it takes about 1.87 seconds of constant movement to destroy the web (without using a Machete, etc). Thin Ice

Thin Ice, which appears in the Ice Caves, usually above pits of spikes, will fade away when the Spelunker stands on them after about one second.

Heals 1HP:
Bringing a Damsel alive to the level exit.
Buying a kiss at the Shopkeeper's kissing booth.
Using the Kapala, and collecting eight drops of blood.

Heals 4HP:
Collecting Royal Jelly by killing Queen Bee.

Heals 8HP:
Earning 32 points of favour at an Altar.

Gold Bar:

• 500 [1]
  
• 625 [2]
  
• 750 [3]
  
• 875 [4]
  
• 1000 [5]

[Multiply all values by 3 to get the values for the stack of gold bars.] Small Gold Nugget:

• 100 [1]
  
• 123 [2]
  
• 150 [3]
  
• 175 [4]
  
• 200 [5]

[Multiply all values by 5 to get the values for large gold nugget.] Small Emerald:

• 200 [1]
  
• 250 [2]
  
• 300 [3]
  
• 350 [4]
  
• 400 [5]

[Multiply all values by 4 to get the values for large emerald.] Small Sapphire

• 300 [1]
  
• 375 [2]
  
• 450 [3]
  
• 525 [4]
  
• 600 [5]

[Multiply all values by 4 to get the values for large sapphire.] Small Ruby:

• 400 [1]
  
• 500 [2]
  
• 600 [3]
  
• 700 [4]
  
• 800 [5]

[Multiply all values by 4 to get the values for large ruby.]

Enemies with 1HP:

• The Snake, Cobra, Bat, Spider, Spinner Spider, Skeleton. [1]
  
• The Frog, Fire Frog, Piranha, Killer Bee, Snail, Monkey, Golden Monkey, Jiang Shi, Bacterium, Worm Egg. [2]
  
• The Alien, UFO, Alien Tank. [3]
  
• Imp, Devil, Succubus. [5]

Enemies with 2HP

• The Scorpion. [1]
  
• The Scorpion Fly. [4]

Enemies with 3HP
The Damsel.

• The Caveman [1/2]
  
• The Tiki Man, Mantrap, Green Knight, Black Knight. [2]
  
• The Yeti. [3]
  
• The Hawk Man, Croc Man. [4]

Enemies with 4HP
The Hired Hand

Enemies with 6HP
The Vampire. [2]

Enemies with 8HP
The Giant Frog. [2]

Enemies with 10HP
The Shopkeeper

• The Giant Spider. [1]
  
• The Queen Bee. [2]
  
• The Yeti King, Mammoth, Alien Lord. [3]
  
• The Mummy. [4]
  
• Vlad, Horse Head, Ox Face. [5]

Super Enemies:
Old Bitey: 40HP [2]
The Alien Queen: 20HP [3]
The Magma Man: ∞ [4]
Anubis: 20HP [4]
(and Anubis II)
Olmec: ∞ [4]
King Yama: 40 [5]
(if the Spelunker targets his head)

For this section, bear in mind that the pricing of items in the shops changes depending on how many levels in you are, based on the in-game inflation system. To make up for this, I will write the absolute maximum pricing value for each item at the end of the Mines, the Jungle, the Ice Caves, and the Temple versus the absolute minimum.

Bag of Ropes (3): $2250
$3250 [1]
$4250 [2]
$5250 [3]
$6250 [4]

Bomb Bag (3): $2250
$3250 [1]
$4250 [2]
$5250 [3]
$6250 [4]

Bomb Bag (12): $9000
$13,000 [1]
$17,000 [2]
$21,000 [3]
$25,000 [4]

Boomerang: $2700
$3900 [1]
$5100 [2]
$6300 [3]
$7500 [4]

Camera: $4500
$6500 [1]
$8500 [2]
$10,500 [3]
$12,500 [4]

Cape: $10,800
$15,600 [1]
$20,400 [2]
$25,200 [3]
$30,000 [4]

Climbing Gloves: $7200
$10,400 [1]
$13,600 [2]
$16,800 [3]
$20,000 [4]

Compass: $2700
$3900 [1]
$5100 [2]
$6300 [3]
$7500 [4]

Freeze Ray: $9000
$13,000 [1]
$17,000 [2]
$21,000 [3]
$25,000 [4]

Jetpack: $18,000
$26,000 [1]
$34,000 [2]
$42,000 [3]
$50,000 [4]

Machete: $2700
$3900 [1]
$5100 [2]
$6300 [3]
$7500 [4]

Mattock: $7200
$10,400 [1]
$13,600 [2]
$16,800 [3]
$20,000 [4]

Parachute: $1800
$2600 [1]
$3400 [2]
$4200 [3]
$5000 [4]

Paste: $2700
$3900 [1]
$5100 [2]
$6300 [3]
$7500 [4]

Pitcher's Mitt: $3600
$5200 [1]
$6800 [2]
$8400 [3]
$10,000 [4]

Spectacles: $2700
$3900 [1]
$5100 [2]
$6300 [3]
$7500 [4]

Spike Shoes/ Spring Shoes: $3500
$5500 [1]
$7500 [2]
$9500 [3]
$11,500 [4]

Teleporter: $9000
$13,000 [1]
$17,000 [2]
$21,000 [3]
$25,000 [4]

Webgun: $1800
$2600 [1]
$3400 [2]
$4200 [3]
$5000 [4]

For this guide I've mostly used the Spelunky Wikia, which was immensely useful. Some values I've tested myself in-game, so feel free to debate the accuracy of 'about X'. To get X I have mostly used the mean of 4 or 5 separate tests.

If you have any stats, questions, etc, feel free to comment below.