Starting base

To make your base effective, you need to build it correctly. Many people suffer from the abundance of monsters and do not understand how to defend themselves.
For defense, you do not need to invent some complex system with traps and lava, you should build your home underground or in the sky.
I prefer an underground base because it is more aesthetic than a wooden square flying in the air.

All bases in Terraria include:

• Workplace
  
• Storage
  
• NPC rooms

This is the basis of any building.

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The workplace is the first place any Terraria player sees when they enter the world. It is where players advance and improve their equipment, so it needs to be done right.
The workplace should include a workbench, stove, spinning wheel, sawmill, boiler, anvilsand many others that will open as you progress through the game.

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The warehouse is the second most important component of any base. The warehouse stores your honestly obtained items, so it needs to be made beautiful and, most importantly, correct.
The storage is a separate room, allocated for 10 - 20 chests with labels for convenience. It can be both underground (which I like more) or somewhere in the house.
It is important that the distance between the workplace and the warehouse is minimal. This will save a lot of time in the future.

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NPC rooms are also a very important aspect of any base. Without them, the inhabitants you may have accidentally unlocked will not be able to enter your world.
These rooms should have:

1. The size excluding walls will have a minimum of 9 × 7 blocks
   
2. One exit (door or platforms)
   
3. Background walls (placed in the player's hand)
   
4. Table and chair
   
5. Light source (torch or anything else)
   
6. The room must not be in a bad biomes(Crimson or Corruption)

Here I can only recommend my other building guide because what your base will look like depends only on you.
https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=3449165244

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In this guide I describe how to build beautifully and I recommend reading it.
You can use references from real life such as castles or medieval peasant houses. The main thing is that it is large enough for all the previously listed details. Using simple materials such as stone, clay and wood, you can create large-scale and most importantly comfortable bases.

And finally the arena above the house.
Artena is an extremely important thing. With its help, you can easily move around your house. It helps with the invasion of enemies because they simply cannot reach you, and is also necessary for battles with future bosses such as the Eye of Cthulhu.
It's extremely easy to build, all you need is a lot of platforms, torches, and a few bonfires to increase health regeneration.

This is all you need to create the most efficient, cool and beautiful base to start the game.

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Please read my other guides on Terraria, they are also very useful for both beginners and veterans:
here